Before I start, let me confirm to you that official Docker images for PostgreSQL already exist and are available here: https://registry.hub.docker.com/_/postgres/ so this howto wants to be a guide to explain how to create these images and talk about some of the Docker features.
I will assume that you have already installed Docker on your machine. I have tested these instructions both on Ubuntu Linux and OSX (OSX users will need to install boot2docker, instructions are not available in this guide).
Dockerfile
To create a Docker image we need to create a text file named Dockerfile and use the available commands and syntax to declare how the image will be built. At the beginning of the file we need to specify the base image we are going to use and our contact informations:
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In our case we are using Ubuntu 14.04 as base image. After these instructions we need to add PostgreSQL package repository and GnuPG public key:
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then we need to update the packages available in Ubuntu and install PostgreSQL:
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We are installing version 9.3 of PostgreSQL, instructions would be very similar for any other version of the database.
Note: it’s important to have apt-get update and apt-get install commands in the same RUN line, else they would be considered two different layers by Docker and in case an updated package is available it won’t be installed when the image is rebuilt.
At this point we switch to postgres user to execute the next commands:
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We switch to root user and we complete the configuration:
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We expose the port where PostgreSQL will listen to:
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We setup the data and shared folders that we will use later:
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Finally we switch again to the postgres user and we define the entry command for this image:
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The full Dockerfile is available here https://github.com/andreagrandi/postgresql-docker/blob/master/Dockerfile
Building Docker image
Once the Dockerfile is ready, we need to build the image before running it in a container. Please customize the tag name using your own docker.io hub account (or you won’t be able to push it to the hub):
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Running the PostgreSQL Docker container
To run the container, once the image is built, you just need to use this command:
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Testing the running PostgreSQL
To test the running container we can use any client, even the commandline one:
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When you are prompted for password, type: pguser
Please note that localhost is only valid if you are running Docker
on Ubuntu. If you are an OSX user, you need to discover the correct ip
using: boot2docker ip
Persisting data
You may have noticed that once you stop the container, if you previously wrote some data on the DB, that data is lost. This is because by default Docker containers are not persistent. We can resolve this problem using a data container. My only suggestion is not to do it manually and use a tool like fig to orchestrate this. Fig is a tool to orchestrate containers and its features are being rewritten in Go language and integrated into Docker itself. So if you prepare a fig.yml configuration file now, you will be able, hopefully, to reuse it once this feature will be integrated into Docker. Please refer to fig website for the instructions to install it (briefly: under Ubuntu you can use pip install fig and under OSX you can use brew install fig).
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Save this file as fig.yml in the same folder of the Dockerfile and spin up the container using this command: fig up
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If you try to write some data on the database and then you stop (CTRL+C) the running containers and spin up them again, you will see that your data is still there.
Conclusion
This is just an example of how to prepare a Docker container for a specific service. The difficoult part is when you have to spin up multiple services (for example a Django web application using PostgreSQL, RabbitMQ, MongoDB etc…), connect them all together and orchestrate the solution. I will maybe talk about this in one of the next posts. You can find the full source code of my PostgreSQL Docker image, including the fig.yml file in this repository https://github.com/andreagrandi/postgresql-docker